23 results
24-h passive heat and cold exposures did not modify energy intake and appetite but strongly modify food reward
- Maxime Coca, Louis Besançon, Mégane Erblang, Stéphanie Bourdon, Arnaud Gruel, Benoît Lepetit, Vincent Beauchamps, Blandine Tavard, Pauline Oustric, Graham Finlayson, David Thivel, Alexandra Malgoyre, Pierre-Emmanuel Tardo-Dino, Cyprien Bourrilhon, Keyne Charlot
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- Journal:
- British Journal of Nutrition / Accepted manuscript
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 April 2024, pp. 1-40
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Effects of acute thermal exposures on appetite appear hypothetical in reason of very heterogeneous methodologies. The aim of this study was therefore to clearly define the effects of passive 24-h cold (16°C) and heat (32°C) exposures on appetitive responses compared to a thermo neutral condition (24°C). Twenty-three healthy, young, and active male participants realised three sessions (from 1 pm) in a laboratory conceived like an apartment dressed with the same outfit (Clo=1). Three meals composed of three or four cold or warm dishes were served ad libitum to assess energy intake (EI). Leeds Food Preference Questionnaires were used before each meal to assess food reward. Subjective appetite was regularly assessed and levels of appetitive hormones (acylated ghrelin, GLP-1, leptin, and PYY) were assessed before and after the last meal (lunch). Contrary to the literature, total EI was not modified by cold or heat exposure (p=0.120). Accordingly, hunger scores (p=0.554) were not altered. Levels of acylated ghrelin and leptin were marginally higher during the 16 (p=0.032) and 32°C (p<0.023) sessions, respectively. Interestingly, implicit wanting for cold and low-fat foods at 32°C and for warm and high-fat foods at 16°C were increased during the whole exposure (p < 0.024). Moreover, cold entrées were more consumed at 32 °C (p<0.062) and warm main dishes more consumed at 16°C (p<0.025). Thus, passive cold and hot exposures had limited effects on appetite and it seems that offering some choice based on food temperature may help individuals to express their specific food preferences and maintain EI.
17 Grit Predicts Lower Cognitive Fatigue in Persons with Parkinson’s Disease Independent of Cognitive Status
- Deyran Paredes, Tina Dang, Marina Z Nakhla, Raeanne C Moore, Stephanie Lessig, Irene Litvan, Ece Bayram, Vincent Filoteo, Dawn M Schiehser
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 534-535
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Objective:
Fatigue, which can be classified into physical and cognitive subtypes (Schiehser et al., 2012), is a common non-motor symptom in persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) that has no clear treatment. Cognitive changes, also common in PD (Litvan et al., 2012), may impact how patients perceive fatigue (Kukla et al., 2021). Grit is a personality trait defined as perseverance and passion towards a long-term goal, and is associated with multiple positive outcomes such as lower fatigue levels in healthy individuals (Martinez-Moreno et al., 2021). However, scarce research has examined the relationship between grit and fatigue in persons with PD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between fatigue (cognitive and physical) and grit, as well as the impact of cognitive status (i.e., cognitive normal vs. mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) on this relationship in non-demented individuals with PD.
Participants and Methods:Participants were 70 non-demented individuals with PD who were diagnosed as either cognitively normal (n=20) or MCI (n=50) based on Level II of the Movement Disorder Society PD-MCI criteria. Participants completed the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS), which consists of two subscales (cognitive and physical fatigue) that are combined for a total overall fatigue score. Participants also completed the Grit Scale, which consists of items such as ambition, perseverance, and consistency. ANOVAs were conducted to determine differences in grit between PD-cognitively normal vs PD-MCI groups. Correlations and multiple hierarchical regressions controlling for significant demographics (i.e., age, education, sex), mood (i.e., depression, anxiety) and disease variables (i.e., disease duration, Levodopa equivalent dosage) with backwards elimination were conducted to evaluate the relationship between grit and fatigue (MFIS total score and MFIS cognitive and physical fatigue subscales).
Results:There was no significant difference in grit total scores between PD patients who were cognitively normal or MCI (p = .336). Higher grit total scores predicted lower MFIS total (ß = -.290, p = .005) and lower cognitive fatigue (ß = -.336, p < .001) scores in the total sample, above and beyond relevant covariates as well as cognitive status. Grit scores were not significantly associated with physical fatigue (ß = -.206, p = .066). Furthermore, cognitive status was not a significant predictor of fatigue scores in any of the models (all p’s > .28).
Conclusions:Findings indicate that higher levels of grit are associated with lower levels of fatigue, specifically cognitive fatigue, in individuals with PD. These results held true for those who were cognitively normal or with MCI, suggesting that grit may impact fatigue in non-demented PD patients regardless of cognitive status. These findings underscore the importance of considering grit when assessing or treating fatigue, particularly cognitive fatigue, in persons with PD.
An Audit of Information Provided to Paramedics / A&E Staff on Transfer to the Colchester General Hospital
- Oksana Zinchenko, Ahmed Shoka, Yaser Hamza, Aamir Mujtaba, Vincent Mtika, Stephanie Riding
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 9 / Issue S1 / July 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 July 2023, pp. S116-S117
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Aims
Following feedback from paramedics and staff, escorting patients to the A&E, concerns were raised when some information was missed during the verbal handover from patient/escorting staff to the ambulance/A&E staff. At times the purpose of the transfer was not clear. Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust (EPUT) “Discharge and Transfer Clinical Guidelines” ( CG24) provides clear guidelines to staff when a person is transferred while in the care of the Trust to another service such as another acute trust or, discharged from EPUT services completely. However, there are no current guidelines available for transferring patients for clinical reasons: in case of emergency or acute medical condition, for specialist treatment or investigation. The standard was used: the “Ambulance handover to emergency care standard V1.0” created by Professional Record Standards Body (PRSB). 100% of patients should have a support letter from doctors with relevant information shared with paramedics or the A&E department on transfer to a general hospital. The scope of the audit was Peter Bruff Mental Health Assessment Unit and Ardleigh Acute Inpatient Ward.
MethodsThe data were collected retrospectively from notes available on the electronic health record database (Paris). The audit tool focused on quantitative and qualitative data collection on patient transfer.
Inclusion criteria: all patients admitted to the Peter Bruff MH Assessment Unit (male and female) and the Ardleigh Ward (female) over the period from 1 September to 15 September 2022. All data were anonymised. Results were tabulated and presented in statistical form back to the clinical teams.
ResultsThere were identified 18 male and 33 female patients on the Peter Bruff MH Assessment Unit. 2 patients were sent to the A&E via ambulance and 4 patients attended the A&E with staff escort. A support letter was available on one occasion. Compliance 17%.
Within the analysed period there were 15 female patients identified on the Ardleigh ward. 5 patients attended the A&E. A support letter was available on two occasions. Compliance 40%.
ConclusionAll transfers should be managed in a sensitive way ensuring all communication is clear, to promote robust information sharing between inpatient wards and A&E.
A template of the care summary and handover letter was created, which provided a standard structure of headings that is meaningful to clinicians and patients.
Using polygenic scores and clinical data for bipolar disorder patient stratification and lithium response prediction: machine learning approach – CORRIGENDUM
- Micah Cearns, Azmeraw T. Amare, Klaus Oliver Schubert, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Joseph Frank, Fabian Streit, Mazda Adli, Nirmala Akula, Kazufumi Akiyama, Raffaella Ardau, Bárbara Arias, JeanMichel Aubry, Lena Backlund, Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee, Frank Bellivier, Antonio Benabarre, Susanne Bengesser, Joanna M. Biernacka, Armin Birner, Clara Brichant-Petitjean, Pablo Cervantes, HsiChung Chen, Caterina Chillotti, Sven Cichon, Cristiana Cruceanu, Piotr M. Czerski, Nina Dalkner, Alexandre Dayer, Franziska Degenhardt, Maria Del Zompo, J. Raymond DePaulo, Bruno Étain, Peter Falkai, Andreas J. Forstner, Louise Frisen, Mark A. Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Sébastien Gard, Julie S. Garnham, Fernando S. Goes, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Paul Grof, Ryota Hashimoto, Joanna Hauser, Urs Heilbronner, Stefan Herms, Per Hoffmann, Andrea Hofmann, Liping Hou, Yi-Hsiang Hsu, Stephane Jamain, Esther Jiménez, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Layla Kassem, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Tadafumi Kato, John Kelsoe, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Sebastian Kliwicki, Barbara König, Ichiro Kusumi, Gonzalo Laje, Mikael Landén, Catharina Lavebratt, Marion Leboyer, Susan G. Leckband, Mario Maj, the Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Mirko Manchia, Lina Martinsson, Michael J. McCarthy, Susan McElroy, Francesc Colom, Marina Mitjans, Francis M. Mondimore, Palmiero Monteleone, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Markus M. Nöthen, Tomas Novák, Claire O'Donovan, Norio Ozaki, Vincent Millischer, Sergi Papiol, Andrea Pfennig, Claudia Pisanu, James B. Potash, Andreas Reif, Eva Reininghaus, Guy A. Rouleau, Janusz K. Rybakowski, Martin Schalling, Peter R. Schofield, Barbara W. Schweizer, Giovanni Severino, Tatyana Shekhtman, Paul D. Shilling, Katzutaka Shimoda, Christian Simhandl, Claire M. Slaney, Alessio Squassina, Thomas Stamm, Pavla Stopkova, Fasil TekolaAyele, Alfonso Tortorella, Gustavo Turecki, Julia Veeh, Eduard Vieta, Stephanie H. Witt, Gloria Roberts, Peter P. Zandi, Martin Alda, Michael Bauer, Francis J. McMahon, Philip B. Mitchell, Thomas G. Schulze, Marcella Rietschel, Scott R. Clark, Bernhard T. Baune
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 221 / Issue 2 / August 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 May 2022, p. 494
- Print publication:
- August 2022
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Using polygenic scores and clinical data for bipolar disorder patient stratification and lithium response prediction: machine learning approach
- Micah Cearns, Azmeraw T. Amare, Klaus Oliver Schubert, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Joseph Frank, Fabian Streit, Mazda Adli, Nirmala Akula, Kazufumi Akiyama, Raffaella Ardau, Bárbara Arias, Jean-Michel Aubry, Lena Backlund, Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee, Frank Bellivier, Antonio Benabarre, Susanne Bengesser, Joanna M. Biernacka, Armin Birner, Clara Brichant-Petitjean, Pablo Cervantes, Hsi-Chung Chen, Caterina Chillotti, Sven Cichon, Cristiana Cruceanu, Piotr M. Czerski, Nina Dalkner, Alexandre Dayer, Franziska Degenhardt, Maria Del Zompo, J. Raymond DePaulo, Bruno Étain, Peter Falkai, Andreas J. Forstner, Louise Frisen, Mark A. Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Sébastien Gard, Julie S. Garnham, Fernando S. Goes, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Paul Grof, Ryota Hashimoto, Joanna Hauser, Urs Heilbronner, Stefan Herms, Per Hoffmann, Andrea Hofmann, Liping Hou, Yi-Hsiang Hsu, Stephane Jamain, Esther Jiménez, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Layla Kassem, Po-Hsiu Kuo, Tadafumi Kato, John Kelsoe, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Sebastian Kliwicki, Barbara König, Ichiro Kusumi, Gonzalo Laje, Mikael Landén, Catharina Lavebratt, Marion Leboyer, Susan G. Leckband, Mario Maj, the Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Mirko Manchia, Lina Martinsson, Michael J. McCarthy, Susan McElroy, Francesc Colom, Marina Mitjans, Francis M. Mondimore, Palmiero Monteleone, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Markus M. Nöthen, Tomas Novák, Claire O'Donovan, Norio Ozaki, Vincent Millischer, Sergi Papiol, Andrea Pfennig, Claudia Pisanu, James B. Potash, Andreas Reif, Eva Reininghaus, Guy A. Rouleau, Janusz K. Rybakowski, Martin Schalling, Peter R. Schofield, Barbara W. Schweizer, Giovanni Severino, Tatyana Shekhtman, Paul D. Shilling, Katzutaka Shimoda, Christian Simhandl, Claire M. Slaney, Alessio Squassina, Thomas Stamm, Pavla Stopkova, Fasil Tekola-Ayele, Alfonso Tortorella, Gustavo Turecki, Julia Veeh, Eduard Vieta, Stephanie H. Witt, Gloria Roberts, Peter P. Zandi, Martin Alda, Michael Bauer, Francis J. McMahon, Philip B. Mitchell, Thomas G. Schulze, Marcella Rietschel, Scott R. Clark, Bernhard T. Baune
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 220 / Issue 4 / April 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2022, pp. 219-228
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- April 2022
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Background
Response to lithium in patients with bipolar disorder is associated with clinical and transdiagnostic genetic factors. The predictive combination of these variables might help clinicians better predict which patients will respond to lithium treatment.
AimsTo use a combination of transdiagnostic genetic and clinical factors to predict lithium response in patients with bipolar disorder.
MethodThis study utilised genetic and clinical data (n = 1034) collected as part of the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLi+Gen) project. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were computed for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, and then combined with clinical variables using a cross-validated machine-learning regression approach. Unimodal, multimodal and genetically stratified models were trained and validated using ridge, elastic net and random forest regression on 692 patients with bipolar disorder from ten study sites using leave-site-out cross-validation. All models were then tested on an independent test set of 342 patients. The best performing models were then tested in a classification framework.
ResultsThe best performing linear model explained 5.1% (P = 0.0001) of variance in lithium response and was composed of clinical variables, PRS variables and interaction terms between them. The best performing non-linear model used only clinical variables and explained 8.1% (P = 0.0001) of variance in lithium response. A priori genomic stratification improved non-linear model performance to 13.7% (P = 0.0001) and improved the binary classification of lithium response. This model stratified patients based on their meta-polygenic loadings for major depressive disorder and schizophrenia and was then trained using clinical data.
ConclusionsUsing PRS to first stratify patients genetically and then train machine-learning models with clinical predictors led to large improvements in lithium response prediction. When used with other PRS and biological markers in the future this approach may help inform which patients are most likely to respond to lithium treatment.
The Effect of Self-Paced Exercise Intensity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness on Frontal Grey Matter Volume in Cognitively Normal Older Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial
- Natalie J. Frost, Michael Weinborn, Gilles E. Gignac, Ying Xia, Vincent Doré, Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith, Shaun Markovic, Nicole Gordon, Hamid R. Sohrabi, Simon M. Laws, Ralph N. Martins, Jeremiah J. Peiffer, Belinda M. Brown
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 28 / Issue 9 / October 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 September 2021, pp. 902-915
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Objective:
Exercise has been found to be important in maintaining neurocognitive health. However, the effect of exercise intensity level remains relatively underexplored. Thus, to test the hypothesis that self-paced high-intensity exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (peak aerobic capacity; VO2peak) increase grey matter (GM) volume, we examined the effect of a 6-month exercise intervention on frontal lobe GM regions that support the executive functions in older adults.
Methods:Ninety-eight cognitively normal participants (age = 69.06 ± 5.2 years; n = 54 female) were randomised into either a self-paced high- or moderate-intensity cycle-based exercise intervention group, or a no-intervention control group. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and fitness assessment pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and 12-months post-intervention.
Results:The intervention was found to increase fitness in the exercise groups, as compared with the control group (F = 9.88, p = <0.001). Changes in pre-to-post-intervention fitness were associated with increased volume in the right frontal lobe (β = 0.29, p = 0.036, r = 0.27), right supplementary motor area (β = 0.30, p = 0.031, r = 0.29), and both right (β = 0.32, p = 0.034, r = 0.30) and left gyrus rectus (β = 0.30, p = 0.037, r = 0.29) for intervention, but not control participants. No differences in volume were observed across groups.
Conclusions:At an aggregate level, six months of self-paced high- or moderate-intensity exercise did not increase frontal GM volume. However, experimentally-induced changes in individual cardiorespiratory fitness was positively associated with frontal GM volume in our sample of older adults. These results provide evidence of individual variability in exercise-induced fitness on brain structure.
Informant-Reported Cognitive Decline is Associated with Objective Cognitive Performance in Parkinson’s Disease
- Marina Z. Nakhla, Kelsey A. Holiday, J. Vincent Filoteo, Zvinka Z. Zlatar, Vanessa L. Malcarne, Stephanie Lessig, Irene Litvan, Dawn M. Schiehser
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 27 / Issue 5 / May 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 December 2020, pp. 439-449
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Objective:
The utility of informant-based measures of cognitive decline to accurately describe objective cognitive performance in Parkinson’s disease (PD) without dementia is uncertain. Due to the clinical relevance of this information, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between informant-based reports of patient cognitive decline via the Informant Questionnaire of Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) and objective cognition in non-demented PD controlling for cognitive status (i.e., mild cognitive impairment; PD-MCI and normal cognition; PD-NC).
Method:One-hundred and thirty-nine non-demented PD participants (PD-MCI n = 38; PD-NC n = 101) were administered measures of language, executive function, attention, learning, delayed recall, visuospatial function, mood, and motor function. Each participant identified an informant to complete the IQCODE and a mood questionnaire.
Results:Greater levels of informant-based responses of patient cognitive decline on the IQCODE were significantly associated with worse objective performance on measures of global cognition, attention, learning, delayed recall, and executive function in the overall sample, above and beyond covariates and cognitive status. However, the IQCODE was not significantly associated with language or visuospatial function.
Conclusions:Results indicate that informant responses, as measured by the IQCODE, may provide adequate information on a wide range of cognitive abilities in non-demented PD, including those with MCI and normal cognition. Findings have important clinical implications for the utility of the IQCODE in the identification of PD patients in need of further evaluation, monitoring, and treatment.
4431 Utilization of swept source optical coherence tomography to optimize characterization of cystoid macular edema in preterm infants
- Kai Seely, Shwetha Mangalesh, Katrina Winter, Vincent Tai, Du Tran-Viet, Stephanie Chiu, Cynthia Toth
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 4 / Issue s1 / June 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 July 2020, pp. 103-104
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The goal of this study is to evaluate and optimize the characterization of cystoid macular edema (CME) using an investigational swept source (SS)-OCT system. Our knowledge of CME in preterm infants is limited; optimizing its characterization is a critical step in understanding its impact on vision. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In this IRB-approved protocol, 118 preterm infants were imaged in the Duke intensive care nursery (ICN) with a novel lightweight, hand-held, high-speed, SS-OCT system following routine clinical eye exams. SS-OCT images were deidentified, automatically segmented using custom software (DOCTRAP), measured for several retinal layer thicknesses, and reviewed by masked expert graders for the presence and severity of CME. Reliability of SS-OCT measures will be assessed, and the association between CME status and retinal layer thicknesses will be calculated using logistic regression modeling. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The prevalence of CME overall and by severity will be calculated. The distribution of several retinal layer thicknesses will be reported and compared by infant CME status and, when edema is present, by CME severity. Reproducibility and repeatability will be reported for objective variables, and intra-grader and inter-grader agreement will be reported for subjective variables. Multivariate logistic regression coefficients and odds ratios will be calculated for each retinal layer thickness variable. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study will use a novel SS-OCT system to identify retinal thickness measures that may be objective markers of CME status. This will refine the characterization of CME and provide a framework for correlating CME with functional outcomes like visual acuity. CONFLICT OF INTEREST DESCRIPTION: SC and CT have unlicensed patents on relevant technologies. CT receives royalties from Alcon and Hemosonics and consultation fees from EMMES.
Refractory psycho-existential distress and continuous deep sedation until death in palliative care: The French perspective
- Michel Reich, Xavier Bondenet, Laurence Rambaud, Fazya Ait-Kaci, Anne-Laure Sedda, Arlette Da Silva, Stéphanie Villet, Vincent Gamblin
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- Journal:
- Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 18 / Issue 4 / August 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 September 2019, pp. 486-494
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Objective
Since February 2016, French Claeys-Leonetti law has recognized patients' right to confront incurable diseases with short-term prognosis and refractory physical or psychological or existential symptoms by requesting continuous deep sedation until death (CDSUD). Determining when psychological or existential distress is refractory and unbearable remains complex and controversial.
This review provides a comprehensive thought on CDSUD for advanced incurable patients with refractory psychological and/or existential distress in palliative care settings. It offers guidance on psychiatric or psychological diagnosis for explaining patients' requests for CDSUD.
MethodA narrative literature review (2000–2019) was conducted on the MedLine search about the use of palliative sedation in cases of refractory psychological and/or existential distress.
Results(1) Definitions of “refractory symptom,” “refractory psychological distress,” and “refractory existential distress” are inconsistent; (2) alternative diagnoses might obscure or be obscured by psycho-existential distress; and (3) criteria on meanings, reasons for requests, decision-making processes, and functions are evolving in practice.
Significance of resultsBefore implementing CDSUD, palliative healthcare professionals should seek input from psycho-oncologists in palliative care. Mental health professionals should analyze and assess the reasons for psychological and/or existential distress, consider the intentionality processes of requests, and explore alternative diagnoses, such as depressive or adjustment disorders, demoralization syndrome, desire to hasten death, and desire for euthanasia. Therapeutic responses (e.g., pharmacological and psychotherapeutic) should be implemented before deciding that psycho-existential distress is refractory.
“A Bull in Our China Shop:” Japanese Imports and the American Pottery Industry
- STEPHANIE VINCENT
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- Journal:
- Enterprise & Society / Volume 19 / Issue 2 / June 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 March 2018, pp. 430-468
- Print publication:
- June 2018
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From its beginning, the American pottery industry had to contend with the presence of imports. At first, manufacturers coped by promoting their own products and striving to improve design and quality. However, when Japan began importing china in greater quantities, American potters faced a challenge unlike any before. Initial attempts to attack imports outright through boycotts met with limited success through World War II. Following the peace, Cold War economic policy designed to reintroduce Japan to the global market led to another round of increasing importation. U.S. potters decried the poor quality and low wages connected to Japanese china, yet could not agree on a strategy to overcome the growing number of imports. Some filed lawsuits over copied designs while others hoped to contract with the Japanese to import on their own terms. The failure of these manufacturers to unify in response to Japan proved one of the most damaging blows to this small industry.
Inherence heuristic versus essentialism: Issues of antecedence and cognitive mechanism
- Vincent Y. Yzerbyt, Stéphanie Demoulin
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- Behavioral and Brain Sciences / Volume 37 / Issue 5 / October 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 October 2014, pp. 505-506
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We argue (1) that the empirical evidence offered by the authors is insufficient to sustain their claim; (2) that, beyond methodological problems, the proposed underlying cognitive mechanism is largely speculative and that a reverse, more motivational, path is equally plausible; and (3) that the distinction and antecedence of inherence intuitions with respect to essentialist beliefs remain to be demonstrated.
Active Surveillance for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Using Stool Specimens Submitted for Testing for Clostridium difficile
- David B. Banach, Jeannette Francois, Stephanie Blash, Gopi Patel, Stephen G. Jenkins, Vincent LaBombardi, Barry N. Kreiswirth, Arjun Srinivasan, David P. Calfee
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 35 / Issue 1 / January 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 May 2016, pp. 82-84
- Print publication:
- January 2014
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Active surveillance to identify asymptomatic carriers of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a recommended strategy for CRE control in healthcare facilities. Active surveillance using stool specimens tested for Clostridium difficile is a relatively low-cost strategy to detect CRE carriers. Further evaluation of this and other risk factor-based active surveillance strategies is warranted.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Acquisition of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the Setting of Endemicity
- Mahesh Swaminathan, Saarika Sharma, Stephanie Poliansky Blash, Gopi Patel, David B. Banach, Michael Phillips, Vincent LaBombardi, Karen F. Anderson, Brandon Kitchel, Arjun Srinivasan, David P. Calfee
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 34 / Issue 8 / August 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 809-817
- Print publication:
- August 2013
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Objective.
To describe the epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) carriage and acquisition among hospitalized patients in an area of CRE endemicity.
Design.Cohort study with a nested case-control study.
Setting.Two acute care, academic hospitals in New York City.
Participants.All patients admitted to 7 study units, including intensive care, medical-surgical, and acute rehabilitation units.
Method.Perianal samples were collected from patients at admission and weekly thereafter to detect asymptomatic gastrointestinal carriage of CRE. A nested case-control study was performed to identify factors associated with CRE acquisition. Case patients were those who acquired CRE during a single hospitalization. Control subjects had no microbiologic evidence of CRE and at least 1 negative surveillance sample. Clinical data were abstracted from the medical record.
Results.The prevalence of CRE in the study population was 5.4% (306 of 5,676 patients), and 104 patients met the case definition of acquisition during a single hospital stay. Mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 11.5), pulmonary disease (OR, 5.2), days of antibiotic therapy (OR, 1.04), and CRE colonization pressure (OR, 1.15) were independently associated with CRE acquisition. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis identified 87% of tested Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates as sharing related patterns (greater than 78% similarity), which suggests clonal transmission within and between the study hospitals.
Conclusions.Critical illness and underlying medical conditions, CRE colonization pressure, and antimicrobial exposure are important risk factors for CRE acquisition. Adherence to infection control practices and antimicrobial stewardship appear to be critical components of a CRE control program.
Predictors of Discrepancies in Parkinson's Disease Patient and Caregiver Ratings of Apathy, Disinhibition, and Executive Dysfunction before and after Diagnosis
- Dawn M. Schiehser, Lin Liu, Stephanie L. Lessig, David D. Song, Kristalyn M. Obtera, Mathes M. Burke III, Shannon R. Earl, J. Vincent Filoteo
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- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 19 / Issue 3 / March 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 January 2013, pp. 295-304
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Parkinson's disease (PD) patient and caregiver reports of patient functioning are often used interchangeably in clinical and research settings; however, the consistency of these reports is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the consistency and predictors of discrepancy between self- and caregiver reports of patient apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction. Fifty-one pairs of nondemented PD patients and their caregivers completed the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). Patients were administered a neuropsychological battery, and mood and burden were assessed in a subset of caregivers. Patients and caregivers significantly differed in their ratings of all retrospective prediagnosis behaviors and current levels of disinhibition. Current levodopa equivalent dosages predicted patient-caregiver rating differences in prediagnosis and current apathy and current executive dysfunction, while patient motor function, cognition, and mood failed to predict any disparities in ratings. Caregiver burden and depression were associated with apathy rating discrepancies, while burden was associated with discrepancies in ratings of disinhibition. These results suggest that consistency of patient and caregiver behavioral ratings may vary depending on the behavior assessed; and underscore the importance of considering the reporter when using subjective measures, as discrepancies in behavioral reports may be influenced by specific patient and/or caregiver symptoms or factors. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)
Effects of 3-month Mediterranean-type diet on postprandial TAG and apolipoprotein B48 in the Medi-RIVAGE cohort
- Catherine Defoort, Stéphanie Vincent-Baudry, Denis Lairon
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 14 / Issue 12A / 13 December 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 December 2011, pp. 2302-2308
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Objective
To determine the postprandial lipaemia response before and after intervention with healthy diets in the Medi-RIVAGE cohort of subjects with moderate risk factors of CVD.
DesignOne hundred and thirty-five adults (fifty-two men and eighty-three women) followed either a Mediterranean-type (MED) diet or a low-fat American Heart Association-type diet in a parallel design for 3 months. At entry and after 3 months, lipids, glucose and insulin were measured in the fasting samples; TAG and apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48; a marker of intestinally derived chylomicrons) levels were measured in the fasting and postprandial samples after a standard test meal.
ResultsThe MED diet only lowered (P < 0·028) fasting TAG and both diets reduced TAG and ApoB48 levels 5 h after the test meal. The overall 5 h postprandial ApoB48 response (area under curve (AUC)/incremental AUC) was lowered after both diets but this effect was more marked after the MED-diet intervention. Whatever the TAG level at entry, normo- and hyper TAG subjects showed a reduction in the postprandial ApoB48 levels after 3-month diets. BMI at entry did not impact the effect of diets given subjects with BMI < or >25 kg/m2 showed reduced postprandial ApoB48. Men and women displayed comparable postprandial changes after dietary challenges.
ConclusionsA MED diet appears efficient to improve postprandial lipaemia, a recently acknowledged CVD risk, in men and women at moderate cardiovascular risk.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Genetic polymorphisms and lipoprotein responses to diets
- Stephanie Vincent, Richard Planells, Catherine Defoort, Marie-Christine Bernard, Mariette Gerber, Joanne Prudhomme, Philippe Vague, Denis Lairon
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- Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 61 / Issue 4 / November 2002
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- 19 December 2008, pp. 427-434
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Alors que l'alimentation de l'homme a beaucoup évoluée depuis ses origines, le génome humain est resté très stable. Pourtant, de très nombreux gènes ont des polymorphismes connus. En fait, on considère maintenant que les principales pathologies humaines (maladies cardiovasculaires, diabète, obésité et cancers) résultent d'une interaction entre des facteurs de succeptibilité génétique et des facteurs de l'environement, dont l'alimentation. Dans le domaine du métabolisme des lipoprotéines et des maladies cardiovasculaires, des polymorphimes de plusieurs gènes ont été identifiés et associés aux niveaux des paramètres lipidiques ou aà des réponses variables aux régimes, comme pour les apoprotéines (apo) E, B, A-IV et C-III, le LDL récepteur, la protéine microsomiale de transport (MTP), la protéine de liason des acides gras (FABP), la protéine de transport des esters de cholésterol (CETP), la lipoprotéine lipase ou la lipase hepatique. Nous réalisons une étude d'intervention à Marseille dans le but d'étudier l'interaction
Human fasting plasma concentrations of vitamin E and carotenoids, and their association with genetic variants in apo C-III, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, hepatic lipase, intestinal fatty acid binding protein and microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein
- Patrick Borel, Myriam Moussa, Emmanuelle Reboul, Bernard Lyan, Catherine Defoort, Stéphanie Vincent-Baudry, Matthieu Maillot, Marguerite Gastaldi, Michel Darmon, Henri Portugal, Denis Lairon, Richard Planells
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- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 101 / Issue 5 / 14 March 2009
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- 29 July 2008, pp. 680-687
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- 14 March 2009
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Plasma concentrations of vitamin E and carotenoids are governed by several factors, including genetic factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in some genes involved in lipid metabolism have recently been associated with fasting plasma concentrations of these fat-soluble micronutrients. To further investigate the role of genetic factors that modulate the plasma concentrations of these micronutrients, we assessed whether SNP in five candidate genes (apo C-III, CETP, hepatic lipase, I-FABP and MTP) were associated with the plasma concentrations of these micronutrients. Fasting plasma vitamin E and carotenoid concentrations were measured in 129 French Caucasian subjects (forty-eight males and eighty-one females). Candidate SNP were genotyped by PCR amplification followed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Plasma γ-tocopherol, α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations were significantly different (P < 0·05) in subjects who carried different SNP variants in hepatic lipase. Plasma α-tocopherol concentrations were significantly different in subjects who had different SNP variants in apo C-III and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Plasma lycopene concentrations were significantly different (P < 0·05) in women who had different SNP variants in intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP). Finally, there was no effect of SNP variants in microsomal TAG transfer protein upon the plasma concentrations of these micronutrients. Most of the observed differences remained significant after the plasma micronutrients were adjusted for plasma TAG and cholesterol. These results suggest that apo C-III, CETP and hepatic lipase play a role in determining the plasma concentrations of tocopherols while hepatic lipase and I-FABP may modulate plasma concentrations of carotenoids.
Correspondence
- AUDREY NOËL, PEGGY QUINETTE, BÉRENGÈRE GUILLERY-GIRARD, JACQUES DAYAN, STÉPHANIE KATIS, PASCALE PIOLINO, PASCALE ABADIE, VINCENT DE LA SAYETTE, SOPHIE MARQUIS, FAUSTO VIADER, BÉATRICE DESGRANGES, FRANCIS EUSTACHE
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- Psychological Medicine / Volume 37 / Issue 11 / November 2007
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- 20 July 2007, pp. 1673-1676
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Impact des conditions d'usinage sur la zone du matériau affectée par le procédé
- Stéphanie Bissey-Breton, José Farré, Vincent Vignal, Nicolas Mary
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- Mechanics & Industry / Volume 8 / Issue 3 / May 2007
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- 17 August 2007, pp. 193-197
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- May 2007
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Les procédés d'usinage peuvent créer des contraintes résiduelles à la surface des pièces usinées et ainsi modifier la microstructure et la texture de la matière proche de la surface. De tels changements sont importants pour l'étude du comportement des pièces au cours du temps. Il est alors nécessaire de quantifier les contraintes résiduelles, les composantes de texture et de déterminer la microstructure induite par l'usinage pour comprendre et prédire le comportement des surfaces considérées. Dans cette étude, le matériau cuivre pur a été choisi et considéré comme un "système modèle". En tournage, l'influence du rayon de bec, de la vitesse de coupe et de la présence de lubrifiant sur le champ de contraintes et la texture a été quantifiée à l'aide de techniques DRX. Les modifications micro-structurales ont été évaluées à l'aide de la microscopie électronique à balayage. Enfin, le comportement électrochimique de la surface a été étudié en utilisant la technique de la micro-cellule électrochimique.